Which fallacy occurs when a claim is supported by presenting only two options when more exist?

• A. False dichotomy
• B. Hasty generalization
• C. Post hoc ergo propter hoc
• D. Ad hominem

Answer: (A)

The idea being tested is recognizing a false dichotomy. This fallacy happens when an argument frames a situation as having only two possible options, when in reality there are additional possibilities, middle grounds, or nuanced positions that aren’t being considered. By limiting the range to two choices, the argument forces a conclusion that may not actually be warranted, even if one of the two options seems appealing.

For example, saying “Either you support this policy completely, or you’re against progress” ignores potential middle ground, partial support, or alternative approaches. The claim relies on a binary setup, which masks other valid possibilities.

The other fallacies mentioned don’t fit this pattern: hasty generalization involves drawing a broad conclusion from limited evidence; post hoc ergo propter hoc confuses correlation with causation; ad hominem attacks the person rather than the argument.